“It is much more important to know what sort of patient has a disease than what sort of disease a patient has.”— William Osler Alcohol-associated liver disease remains one of the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. Liver injury can occur across a wide spectrum of alcohol use,...

“Transplantation is the most dramatic demonstration of what science and compassion can achieve together.”— Thomas E. Starzl, MD Liver transplantation remains the most effective “reset button” for people with end-stage liver disease and selected liver cancers, but who needs a transplant—and when—has changed. Today, fatty liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD/ALD) are the leading...

Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability.”— William Osler Ursodiol (UDCA) remains the cornerstone and first-line therapy for primary biliary cholangitis. It works by improving bile flow and reducing bile toxicity in the liver, and it improves long-term outcomes when started early and taken consistently. Even as new drugs enter the field,...

GLP-1 medications, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, were originally designed for diabetes, but their impact on weight, inflammation, and metabolic health has fundamentally changed how we approach liver disease. Excess weight, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction are now the leading drivers of liver injury worldwide, and GLP-1s directly target these root causes. Patients taking these...